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Birth trauma (physical)
Birth trauma (BT) refers to damage of the tissues and organs of a newly delivered child, often as a result of physical pressure or trauma during childbirth. The term also encompasses the long term consequences, often of a cognitive nature, of damage to the brain or cranium.〔V.V.Vlasyuk Birth trauma and perinatal disorders of cerebral circulation. St. Petersburg, "Nestor History, 2009 - 252 p. ISBN 978-5-98187-373-7.〕 Medical study of birth trauma dates to the 16th century, and the morphological consequences of mishandled delivery are described in Renaissance-era medical literature. Birth injury occupies a unique area of concern and study in the medical canon. In ICD-10 "birth trauma" occupied 49 individual codes (P10-Р15).
However, there are often clear distinctions to be made between brain damage caused by birth trauma and that induced by intrauterine asphyxia. It is also crucial to distinguish between "birth trauma" and "birth injury". Birth injuries encompass any systemic damages incurred during delivery (hypoxic, toxic, biochemical, infection factors, etc.), but "birth trauma" focuses largely on mechanical damage. Caput succedaneum, subcutaneous hemorrhages, small subperiostal hemorrhages, hemorrhages along the displacements of cranial bones, intradural bleedings, subcapsular haematomas of liver, are among the more commonly reported birth injuries. Birth trauma, on the other hand, encompasses the enduring side effects of physical birth injuries, including the ensuing compensatory and adaptive mechanisms and the development of pathological processes (pathogenesis) after the damage.
==Signs and symptoms==
Sequelae can occur in both the mother and the infant after a traumatic birth.
Birth trauma is uncommon in the Western world in relation to rates in the third world. In the West injury occurs in 1.1% of C-sections.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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